Maintenance of fecal continence requires a continuous or basal tone of the internal anal sphincter (IAS). Paradoxically, the basal tone results largely from high-frequency rhythmic contractions of the ...
Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a critical process that are implicated in the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm (AA), ...