The world’s oceans are increasingly becoming an important new frontier in the geopolitical and economic race for critical minerals, with countries fast-tracking plans for deep-sea mining. Meanwhile, ...
The deep-sea human occupied vehicles (HOV) typically have the characteristics such as large dimensions, complex structures, and significant nonlinearities of their dynamic models, which makes it ...
Recent rapid growth in exploration for polymetallic nodule deposits is raising societal awareness of deep-sea mining 6. More than 21 billion tonnes of nodules, potato-sized mineral aggregations rich ...